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Logic programming, an important new method of compute programming resulting from recent research in artifucial intelligence and computer science, has proved to be especially appropriate for solving problems in natrual-language processing.
This book provides a concise and practical introduction to logic programming and the logic-programming language Prolog both as vehicles for understanding elementary computational linguistics and as tools for implementing the basic components of natural-language-processing systems.
Throughout, the specific concepts and techniques are given rigorous theoretical justification and are demonstrated...
Designed to bridge the gap for those who know Prolog but have little or no background in linguistics, this book concentrates on turning theories into practical techniques. Coverage includes template and keyword systems, definite clause grammars (DCGs), English syntax, unification-based grammar, parsing algorithms, semantics, and morphology. Helpful appendices present an in-depth review of Prolog and ready-to-use string input and tokenization routines
An examination of natural language processing in Prolog for those who know Prolog but not linguistics, this book enables students to move quickly into writing and working in useful...
This book is a guide to the wonderful world of natural language processing (NLP) for the practical Haskell programmers.
This book is about that type of information. We will go into many of the techniques that so-called computational linguists use to analyze the structure of human language, and transform it into a form that computers work with.
This is a book about the application of NLP (Neuro Linguistic Programming) in teaching, training and education. It is a book about NLP for trainers and a general introduction to NLP - all in one. If you're an experienced trainer or presenter and you want to find out, easily, how NLP can help you to transform your skills then this book is for you. This book is written from the outset to both teach and demonstrate the application of NLP as a learning tool.
There are ready made exercises for you and many ideas and applications that you can use right away. NLP - Skills for Learning is the ideal NLP trainer's book because it is written...
This book examines the use of natural language technology in educational testing, measurement, and assessment, provides evidence-based practices for the use of NLP-based approaches to automated text and speech scoring, language proficiency assessment, technology-assisted item generation, gamification, learner feedback, and beyond.
About the Authors
Victoria Yaneva is Senior NLP Scientist at the National Board of Medical Examiners, USA.
Matthias von Davier is Monan Professor of Education in the Lynch School of Education and Executive Director of TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center at Boston College, USA.
This book is about the core areas of theoretical linguistics (phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics), supplemented with discussion of psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic findings. It is suitable for any beginning learner of linguistics but is primarily aimed at the Canadian learner, focusing on Canadian English for learning phonetic transcription, and discussing the status of Indigenous languages in Canada.
Drawing on best practices for instructional design, this book is suitable for blended classes, traditional lecture classes, and for self-directed learning. No prior knowledge of linguistics is required...
Elementary set theory accustoms the students to mathematical abstraction, includes the standard constructions of relations, functions, and orderings, and leads to a discussion of the various orders of infinity. The material on logic covers not only the standard statement logic and first-order predicate logic but includes an introduction to formal systems, axiomatization, and model theory. The section on algebra is presented with an emphasis on lattices as well as Boolean and Heyting algebras. Background for recent research in natural language semantics includes sections on lambda-abstraction and generalized quantifiers. Chapters on...
Mathematical Linguistics introduces the mathematical foundations of linguistics to computer scientists, engineers, and mathematicians interested in natural language processing (NLP). The book presents linguistics as a cumulative body of knowledge from the ground up: no prior knowledge of linguistics is assumed. As the first textbook of its kind, this book is useful for those in information science and in natural language technologies.
About the Authors:
Andras Kornai is full professor at the Budapest Institute of Technology, and Senior Scientific Advisor at the Computer and Automation Research Institute of the...
Statistical analysis is a useful skill for linguists and psycholinguists, allowing them to understand the quantitative structure of their data. This textbook provides a straightforward introduction to the statistical analysis of language. Designed for linguists with a non-mathematical background, it clearly introduces the basic principles and methods of statistical analysis, using 'R', the leading computational statistics programme.
The reader is guided step-by-step through a range of real data sets, allowing them to analyse acoustic data, construct grammatical trees for a variety of languages, quantify register variation in...
This book provides a human-inspired, linguistically sophisticated model of language understanding for intelligent agent systems.
One of the original goals of artificial intelligence research was to endow intelligent agents with human-level natural language capabilities. Recent AI research, however, has focused on applying statistical and machine learning approaches to big data rather than attempting to model what people do and how they do it.
In this book, Marjorie McShane and Sergei Nirenburg return to the original goal of recreating human-level intelligence in a machine. They present a human-inspired, linguistically sophisticated...
This draft includes a large portion of our new Chapter 11, which covers BERT and fine-tuning, augments the logistic regression chapter to better cover softmax regression, and fixes many other bugs and typos throughout
This text takes an empirical approach to the subject, based on applying statistical and other machine-learning algorithms to large corporations. The authors cover areas that traditionally are taught in different courses, to describe a unified vision of speech and language processing. Emphasis is on practical applications and scientific evaluation.
An explosion of Web-based language techniques, merging of...
This open access book introduces Vector semantics, which links the formal theory of word vectors to the cognitive theory of linguistics.
The computational linguists and deep learning researchers who developed word vectors have relied primarily on the ever-increasing availability of large corpora and of computers with highly parallel GPU and TPU compute engines, and their focus is with endowing computers with natural language capabilities for practical applications such as machine translation or question answering. Cognitive linguists investigate natural language from the perspective of human cognition, the relation between language...
This open access book provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in research and applications of Foundation Models and is intended for readers familiar with basic Natural Language Processing (NLP) concepts.
About the Authors:
Dr. Gerhard Paaß is a Lead Scientist at the Fraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information Systems (IAIS). With a background in Mathematics, he is a recognized expert in the field of Artificial Intelligence, particularly in the area of Natural Language Processing.
This book explains how you use Micro Focus OO extensions to COBOL for Object-oriented programming. It includes explanations of concepts, programming tutorials, programming documentation and information about the Micro Focus Class Library.
This document describes the syntax, semantics and usage of the COBOL programming language as implemented by the current version of GNU COBOL, formerly known as Open-COBOL.
It is intended to serve as a full-function reference and user's guide suitable for both those readers learning COBOL for the first time as well as those already familiar with some dialect of the COBOL language.
Excerpt from American National Standard, Programming Language Cobol
American National Standards Committee on Computers and Information Processing, X3, approved the publication of the draft in July 1972, and the full text of the proposed revision was made available to the community for comment in September 1972. It was approved as an American National Standard on May 10, 1974.
About the Publisher
Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com
This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to...
The author of this document has over a decade's worth of experience in writing COBOL programs, and has encountered many different standards, each with its own set of strong as well as weak points. Some are too rigid and unnecessarily restrictive, while others are too flexible and open to misinterpretation.
Those which do not encourage or promote efficient, readable and maintainable code have been discarded, and the remainder have been reviewed and modified in the light of experience, common sense and logic.
It presents real-world solutions to the key programming problems facing COBOL programmers today. These solutions will be...
This second edition of Mastering Cobol Programming is a comprehensive guide to good programming practice, program design and code. It contains two new chapters, on Intrinsic Functions and Program Errors, Testing and Debugging. Each chapter has been revised to make full use of the COBOL 85 Standard. The book discusses the different groups of modules that comprise the COBOL language, and each chapter ends with practical exercises. It is suitable for undergraduate and diploma students on commercial computing and business courses, and is a valuable reference for professionals in data processing. It is a complete self-study COBOL text...
Beginning COBOL for Programmers is a comprehensive, sophisticated tutorial and modular skills reference on the COBOL programming language for established programmers. This book is for you if you are a developer who would like to—or must—add COBOL to your repertoire. Perhaps you recognize the opportunities presented by the current COBOL skills crisis, or are working in a mission critical enterprise which retains legacy COBOL applications. Whatever your situation, Beginning COBOL for Programmers meets your needs as an established programmer moving to COBOL.
Beginning COBOL for Programmers includes comprehensive coverage of ANS 85...
This guide describes how to write, compile, bind, run, debug, and maintainIntegrated Language Environment (ILE) COBOL compiler programs on the IBM i.It provides programming information on how to call other ILE COBOL andnon-ILE COBOL programs, share data with other programs, use pointers, andhandle exceptions. It also describes how to perform input/output operations onexternally attached devices, database files, display files, and ICF files.Using this book, you will be able to: v Design and code ILE COBOL programsv Enter, compile, and bind ILE COBOL programsv Run and debug ILE COBOL programsv Study coded ILE COBOL examples...
This book is a comprehensive guide to good programming practice, program design and code. It contains two new chapters, on Intrinsic Functions and Program Errors, Testing and Debugging. Each chapter has been revised to make full use of the COBOL Standard.
The book discusses the different groups of modules that comprise the COBOL language, and each chapter ends with practical exercises. It is suitable for undergraduate and diploma students on commercial computing and business courses, and is a valuable reference for professionals in data processing. It is a complete self-study COBOL text.
The COBOL (COmmon Business Oriented Language) system was developed in an effort to produce an English-like programming language which can be used on many different types of data processing systems. This self-instructional manual has been developed to teach the beginner the fundamentals of COBOL programming.
With the help of this book, you'll read and understand existing COBOL programs as well as write programs of your own. This book contains everything you need to know to store and retrieve data in files, perform calculations necessary for business operations, and organize and format data for presentation on paper and on the...
With Orbix, you can develop and deploy large-scale enterprise-wide CORBA systems in languages such as COBOL, PL/I, C++, and Java. Orbix has an advanced modular architecture that lets you configure and change functionality without modifying your application code, and a rich deployment architecture that lets you configure and manage a complex distributed system. Orbix Mainframe is IONAís CORBA solution for the OS/390 environment
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